Here we outline one of several models for the use of jointly owned inventions:

• Prior to a research collaboration, the partners' rights to the results of the research are agreed upon in a written agreement.

• The agreement should also address the question of who has the right to use the jointly owned immaterial rights.

If a joint ownership should arise as a result of a research collaboration with a company, the right of use is often shared so that:

• The company has the right to utilise the invention within its limited product or business area.

• The research institution holds similar rights outside that area.